OS

。

0-Overview

参考资料 咸鱼暄 isshikih修

Main Contents

  • Overview
    • Intro
    • OS structure
  • Process Management
    • Processes
    • Threads
    • CPU scheduling
    • Process Synchronization
    • Deadlocks
  • Memory Management
    • Main memory
    • Virtual memory
  • Storage Management
    • File-system interface
    • File-system implementation
    • Mass-storage structure
    • I/O systems

Lab Projects

  • 每个同学独立完成
    • 实验0 RISC-V 64 内核调试 5%
    • 实验1 内核引导；时钟和中断 15%
  • 分组完成5个实验，每组2人
    • 实验2 线程调度,上下文切换 15%
    • 实验3 虚拟内存管理 15%
    • 实验4 用户模式（shell） 20%
    • 实验5 Page fault 20%
    • 实验6 Fork 10%
  • 实验7 File System Bonus 10%

实验0-1：每个同学提交一份实验报告；

实验2-6：每个同学提交一份实验报告（侧重自己完成的那部分内容）；

自己写的代码必须有详细的注释，每5行代码有注释

每个实验必须写“讨论心得” (实验过程中遇到的问题及解决方法)这部分内容占本实验报告20%分数

每个实验完成后，以个人（lab0-1）/小组（lab2-3-4-5-6）为单位向老师/助教演示，以完成验收。

实验说明文档在 https://zju-sec.github.io/os24fall-stu

实验所需代码https://github.com/ZJU-SEC/os24fall-stu

Final Grade

Final exam 50 HW 5 In-class Quiz 5 Lab Report 20 Lab Demos 20

王道：

1-系统概述

基本概念 p1

分为四部分：硬件、操作系统、应用程序、用户

操作系统是计算机系统中最基本的系统软件

特征：并发、共享（两个最基本的特征）、虚拟、异步

发展历程 p7

批处理系统、分时操作系统、实时操作系统、网络操作系统和分布式计算机系统、个人计算机操作系统

运行环境 p15

处理器运行模式：用户态（目态）、核心态（内核态）

内核：计算机上配置的底层软件，管理系统的各种资源（时钟管理、中断机制、原语、系统控制的数据结构及处理）

中断（外部：可屏蔽/不可屏蔽）和异常（内部：故障/自陷/终止）

系统调用：凡是与资源有关的操作都得通过系统调用方式

操作系统结构 p27

PPT

1-Introduction

[structure] 4 components :
  • Hardware – provides basic computing resources
    • CPU, memory, I/O devices
  • Operating system
    • Controls and coordinates use of hardware among various applications and users
  • System & application programs – define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users
    • Word processors, compilers, web browsers, database systems, video games
  • Users
    • People, machines, other computers
[OS Definition] :
  • resource allocator: Manages all resources. Decides between conflicting requests for efficient and fair resource use.

  • control program: Controls execution of programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer.

  • No universally accepted definition.

  • “Everything a vendor ships(供应商提供的一切) when you order an operating system” is good approximation.

    But varies wildly.

  • “The one program running at all times on the computer” is the kernel. Everything else is either a system program (ships with the operating system) or an application program.
Computer Startup :

bootstrap program is loaded at power-up or reboot

  • Typically stored in ROM or EPROM, generally known as firmware
  • Initializes all aspects of system
  • Loads operating system kernel and starts execution
Computer System Organization :

冯诺依曼计算机的核心是memory，不是cpu

  • I/O devices and the CPU can execute concurrently(同时地).

  • Each device controller is in charge of a particular device type.

  • Each device controller has a local buffer.

  • CPU moves data from/to main memory to/from local buffers

  • I/O is from the device to local buffer of controller.

  • Device controller informs CPU that it has finished its operation by causing an interrupt (via system bus).

    interrupt 分为 hardware 层面和 Trap，而 Trap 又分为 Errors 和 system call (也叫exceptions/ecalls)

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