CO

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Preface

course grading

笔记什么的…没有那种东西

Introduction

Computer organization

How to build processors ?

Integrated circuits: the kernel components of the logic boards, driving our advancing technology.

Computer design: performance and idea

Response time (响应时间) / execution time (执行时间)

Throughput (bandwidth) (吞吐率) - total work done per unit time

Define performance $= 1 / Execution Time$

“X is n time faster than Y”:

$Performance_X / Performance_Y=Execution\;time_Y / Execution\;time_X=n$

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Elapsed time: total response time, including all aspects (determines system performance)

CPU time: comprises user CPU time and system CPU time

Clock period: duration of a clock cycle

Clock frequency (rate): cycles per second

-CPU time 是某种execution time

$Power=Capacitive\;load\times Voltage^2\times Frequency$

Uniprocessor -> Multiprocessors (Multicore microprocessors)

Requires explicitly parallel programming

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SPEC CPU Benchmark (Standard Performance Evaluation Corp): programs used to measure perfomance

Pitfall: Amdshl’s Law – $T_{improved}=\frac{T_{affected}}{inprovement\;factor}+T_{unaffected}$

Eight Great Ideas

• Design for Moore’s Law
• Use Abstraction for Simplify Design
• Make the Common Case Fast
• Performance via Parallelism
• Performance via Pipelining
• Performance via Prediction
• Hierarchy of Memories
• Dependability via Redundancy

What you can learn from this course ?

• Chap 1: Computer Abstraction and Technology
• Chap 2: Instructions - Language of the Computer
• Chap 3: Arithmetic for Computers
• Chap 4: The processor - Datapath and Control
• Chap 5: Large and Fast - Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
• Chap 6: Parallel processor from client to Cloud （选讲，非考试内容）

After the course, you should know

The internal organization of computers and its influence on the performance of programs
(处理器内部组织结构及其性能影响)

The hierarchy of software and hardware:

• How are programs written in high-level language translated into the language of the hardware, and how does it run?
  (高级语言编写的程序如何变成硬件的语言， 它是如何工作的？)
• What is the interface between the software and the hardware, and how does software instruct the hardware to perform?
  (软硬件之间的接口是什么， 软件如何指导硬件工作)
• What determines the performance of a program, and a programmer improve the performance?
  (什么决定了一个程序的性能)
• What techniques can used to improve performance?
  (什么技术我们可以用来提高性能)

Other

There are 32bits/word (无说明默认4bytes) or 64bits/word in RISC-V

不想记了，建议是看学长学姐的应有尽有